Allolactose binds to the Lac repressor and triggers a change in the shape (conformation) of that protein. 

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Planar Cell Polarity 

direct cells to divide in the same plane (rather than forming upper and lower tissue compartments) and to move within that same plane

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The Wnt-Ca2+ pathway is initiated by Frizzled receptors activating a classical G protein-coupled signaling pathway.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In Wnt-Ca2+ pathway, Wnt binding to the receptor protein possibly Ryk, alone or in concert with Frizzled.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Frizzled-G protein signaling activates PLC-beta, which cleaves PIP2 into DAG and IP3.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Wnt/calcium pathway leads to the release of calcium stored within cells, and calcium acts as an important secondary messenger to modulate the function of many downstream targets.