When the potential gradient E is applied, the force F on a molecule bearing a charge of Q  sepreated  by distance d (measured in coulombs) is                  (in newton). 

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

ACh is formed from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) and choline by the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic Membrane of motor end plate, which contains nicotinic receptors

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The nicotinic receptor for ACh is an example of a ligand-gated ion channel

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

ACh is degraded to choline and acetate by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on the motor end plate

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Approximately 50% of the choline is returned to the presynaptic terminal by Na+-choline cotransport

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The sensory receptors for vision are photoreceptors, located on the retina.