Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis  technique combines the technique of IEF (first dimension), which separates proteins in a mixture according to charge (pI), with the size separation technique of SDS–PAGE (second dimension).

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#Id: 1037

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Primary neurulation can be divided into four stages:

1. Elongation and folding of the neural plate

2. Bending of the neural plate

3. Convergence of the neural folds

4. Closure of the neural tube

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#Id: 5973

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

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#Id: 1381

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

At steady state, ATP–G-actin subunits add preferentially to the (+) end, while ADP–G-actin subunits disassemble from the (−) end, giving rise to treadmilling of subunits.

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#Id: 5100

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Second but distinct MYB-related protein, late elongated hypocotyl (LHY), has also been identified as a potential clock gene.

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#Id: 6445

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

To obtain a lod score, we calculate 

the probability of obtaining the observed results under the assumption that the genes are linked with a specified degree of recombination

the probability of obtaining the observed results under the assumption of independent assortment.