Primers with significant secondary structure are undesirable.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8807

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Water splitting is oxidation reaction takes place in lumen

Water splitting takes place at + reduction potential.

NADPH+ formation is reduction reaction takes place in stroma

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8809

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The catalytic site for water oxidation in lumen is a Mn4CaO5 cluster

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8810

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8811

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

first and second excited singlet states in chlorophyll for a molecule that has two major absorption bands in blue and red.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8812

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Excitation of chlorophyll RC has four ways to dissipate energy

1. Heat

2. Fluorescence

3. energy transfer

4. Photochemistry via charge separation

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8815

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

fluorescence occurs in nanoseconds (ns, 10–9 s); however, photochemistry in photosynthetic organisms occurs more rapidly, in picoseconds (ps, 10–12 s). Thus, when the 1,000‐fold more rapid pathway of photochemistry is available, little fluorescence is observed and photosynthesis proceeds with high efficiency.