The sequence of the target DNA itself can affect PCR efficiency. The GC-rich sequences in target DNA may form secondary structures in the single strands produced by denaturation; this could reduce PCR efficiency.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7464

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

In prespore cells, PKA activation occurs by signalling cascade that is activated by SDF-3, which triggers the synthesis of GABA

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7465

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Secreted GABA then acts on prestalk cells to induce the cell-surface exposure of the serine protease domain of the ABC transporter TagC.

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#Id: 7466

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

GABA acts on prespore cells to induce secretion of AcbA.

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#Id: 7467

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

AcbA is cleaved by the TagC protease to produce the peptide SDF-2.

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#Id: 7468

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

SDF-2 activates the histidine phosphatase activity of DhkA, which induces spore encapsulation.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7469

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Prestalk cells act as altruists which die for dispersion of kin cells.