Methylation interference assay Dimethyl sulphate (DMS) methylates purines on DNA strand. Methylate DNA prior to adding protein.Protein binding is prevented at methylated sites

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 187

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

In the frog (Xenopus laevis)

A gradient of the paracrine factor activin (a morphogen), causes concentration-dependent expression differences of two genes in unspecified cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 188

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

At high concentrations (about 300 molecules/cell), activin induced expression of the goosecoid gene and instructed the cell to become the frog’s dorsal-most structures.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 189

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Potency, commitment, specification, induction, competence, determination and differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and cell lineages; stem cells; genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants; imprinting; mutants and transgenics in analysis of development

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 190

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

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TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 191

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

At slightly lower concentrations (intermediate concentrations), activin (about 100 molecules per cell) activated the Xbra gene and instructed the cell to become muscle.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 192

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

At lower concentrations of activin, genes were not activated, and the “default” gene expression instructed the cells to become blood vessels and heart.