The precise relationship between the three factors and plate height is expressed by the van Deemter equation which is

where ux is the flow rate of the eluent and

A, B and C are constants for a particular column and stationary phase relating to multiple paths, longitudinal diffusion and equilibration time respectively

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2146

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Homoplasy is similarity arrived at via independent evolution.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2147

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Homoplasy complicates building the phylogeny for a group of species.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2148

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2149

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Many phenotypic traits are genetically variable within species, they can readily evolve by natural selection and genetic drift.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2150

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

It is not surprising that size, shape, coloration, and many other traits undergo convergent evolution in diverse lineages

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2151

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Only four possible states of a particular site in a DNA sequence. A single base pair difference among species provides little reliable evidence about their phylogeny