The DNA Pol III holoenzyme has at least two catalytic cores. a processivity clamp, and a dimerization damp-loader complex.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 855

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Xylem‐colonizing bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is transmitted by various species of Homalodisca in the family Cicadlellidae.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 856

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

During infection, most bacteria remain in extracellular spaces and use a specialized mechanism, the type III secretion system (T3SS)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 857

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The T3SS forms channel between bacterial cell and plant cell

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 858

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The structural components of the T3SS are encoded by the clustered hypersensitive response and pathogenicity cluster (hrp) genes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 859

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Many bacterial Avr effectors delivered by type III secretion are enzymes such as phosphatases, proteases, phosphoserine lyases, or E3 ubiquitin ligases that attenuate host defense signaling.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1096

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

ATP-powered pumps use the energy released by hydrolysis of the terminal phosphoanhydride bond of ATP to transport ions.