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TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3190

To replicate mammalian mitochondrial DNA, the short strand in the D loop is extended. The displaced region of the original L strand becomes longer, expanding the D loop

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes #Extrachromosomal replicons #Part B Pointers
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TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8271

#Unit 1. Structure and Function of Biomolecules

Misplaced Dispersion forces are responsible for

1. Sickle-Cell Anemia

2. Alzheimer's disease

3. CFTR

4. Huntington disease
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8272

#Unit 1. Structure and Function of Biomolecules

A hydrogen bond is an intermolecular force (IMF) that forms a special type of dipole-dipole attraction when a hydrogen atom bonded to a strongly electronegative atom exists in the vicinity of another electronegative atom with a lone pair of electrons.
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8273

#Unit 1. Structure and Function of Biomolecules

Hydrogen bonds are generally stronger than ordinary dipole-dipole and dispersion forces, but weaker than true covalent and ionic bonds.
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8274

#Unit 1. Structure and Function of Biomolecules

Two Requirements for Hydrogen Bonding:
First molecules has hydrogen attached to a highly electronegative atom (N, O, F) called as (hydrogen bond donor)
Second molecule has a lone pair of electrons on a small highly electronegative atom (N, O, F) called as (hydrogen bond acceptor)
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8275

#Unit 1. Structure and Function of Biomolecules

Since the hydrogen donor (N, O, or F) is strongly electronegative, it pulls the covalently bonded electron pair closer to its nucleus, and away from the hydrogen atom.

The hydrogen atom is then left with a partial positive charge, creating a dipole-dipole attraction between the hydrogen atom bonded to the donor and the lone electron pair of the acceptor. This results in a hydrogen bond.
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8276

#Unit 1. Structure and Function of Biomolecules