In the case of mitochondrial DNA replication, the origins for replicating the complementary strands lie at different locations

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#Id: 1225

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Osteoblasts also produce osteoprotegerin, a cytokine that inhibits bone resorption. ate osteoclast activity and bone resorption.

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#Id: 1226

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Vitamin D and PTH appear to stimulate production of mature osteoclasts through the dual action:

 1. Inhibiting OPG production

2. Stimulating RANKL formation

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#Id: 1227

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Glucocorticoids promote osteoclast activity and bone resorption by :

1. Increasing RANKL production 

2. Decreasing formation of OPG

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#Id: 1228

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Estrogen stimulates OPG production

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#Id: 1229

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

PTH actions on the kidney:

1.  Inhibits phosphate reabsorption

2.  Stimulates Ca2+ reabsorption

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#Id: 1230

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

PTH stimulates renal 1α-hydroxylase.