If entire genome is encoding than mathematically human should have 106 genes but humans have only 30,000 to 50,000 genes this is also a paradoxical feature of genome 

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

For each H+ pumped across, a negative ion (e.g., OH− or Cl−) will be “left behind” on the cytosolic face, causing a buildup of negatively charged ions there.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Invertebrates generally have fairly high production efficiencies  (about 10–50%) than vertebrate. Ectotherms, typically have production efficiencies of around 10%, and birds and mammals, which are endotherms, have production efficiencies in the range of 1–2%.

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#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Autosomal dominant 

Traits appear in both sexes with equal frequency.

Both sexes are capable of transmitting these traits to their offspring.

An affected person has an affected parent (unless the person carries new mutations). 

The trait does not skip generations.

Unaffected people do not transmit the trait. 

Example- familial hypercholesterolemia, Huntington disease, Neurofibromatosis