E. coli has at least four individual topoisomerases (I through IV). Those of type I (topoisomerases I and III) generally, relax DNA by removing negative supercoils (increasing Lk).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9579

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Silurian - Origin of jawed fishes and arthropods, Invasion of land by primitive land plants

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9580

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Devonian - First amphibian and first seed plant appear, and insects Mass extinction late in period

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9581

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Carboniferous - First reptile

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9582

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Permian - Major mass extinctions, amphibians decline

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9583

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Triassic - First dinosaurs and mammal, Mass extinction near end of period

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9584

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Jurassic- First birds and angiosperms