Reversal of etiolation

Etiolated plants are those that have been grown in the dark, light stimulates increased [cytokinin] which stimulates cell division and greening.

increases [GA] which presumably stimulates IAA oxidase production to get rid of excess IAA that causes the long spindly growth.

IAA stimulates ethylene synthesis which maintains the apical hook, treating the apical hook with red light + ethylene maintains the hook.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3109

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Replication is unidirectional when a single replication fork is created at an origin.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3110

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Replication is bidirectional when an origin creates two replication forks that move in opposite directions.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3111

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The replicated region appears as a replication bubble within the nonreplicated DNA. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3112

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

A replication bubble forms a θ structure in circular DNA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3114

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Bacterial replicons are usually circles that replicate bidirectionally from a single origin.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3115

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The origin of E. coli, oriC, is 245 bp in length.