Assume in addition that the pumps in the thick ascending limb can pump 100 mOsm/kg of Na+ & Cl– from the tubular fluid to the interstitium, increasing interstitial osmolality to 400 mOsm/kg of H2O 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9251

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The low photosystem II activity in the bundle sheath also minimizes the Rubisco oxygenation reaction.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), CO2 uptake is separated temporally and its solely depends on PEPCase circadian modification

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9253

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9254

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9255

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In CAM plants, Nocturnal phosphorylation of PEPCase controls primary carboxylation. PEPCase‐kinase transcripts accumulate during the night, controlled by the circadian oscillator and metabolites.

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#Id: 9256

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The concentration at which net change in CO2 is 0 defines the CO2 compensation point and reflects the CO2 concentration at which the rate of gross photosynthetic CO2  uptake exactly equals the respiration rate.