Thyroglobulin is a glycoprotein contains 123 tyrosine residues, but only 4–8 of these are normally incorporated into thyroid hormones.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The three known RLRs (RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2) are CARD-containing RNA helicases that recognize viral RNAs, usually from RNA viruses such as influenza, measles, and West Nile.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Nod-like receptors

The NLRs are a large family of cytosolic proteins activated by intracellular PAMPs

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#Id: 9901

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9902

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Pyroptosis A form of regulated programmed cell death associated with inflammation, and often associated with infection with intracellular pathogens. Mediated by inflammasome-activated caspase-1.

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#Id: 9903

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

NOD1 also provides protection against the intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma  cruzi,

NOD2 activates responses to some viruses, including influenza.

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#Id: 9904

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The AIM2-like receptors (ALRs) are cytosolic receptors that bind DNA molecules from bacteria and viruses.