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TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5861

The species-area hypothesis
            S = cAz




#Unit 10. Ecological Principles #Ecological succession, Island biogeography and Applied ecology #Part B Pointers
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TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6778

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The estimate is that as much as 70% of human genes produce antisense RNA.
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6779

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats CRISPR consist of repeated sequences (each 30 bp long and highly conserved within a given cluster) interleaved with spacer sequences of similar length but highly divergent sequence.
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6780

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The mechanism of spacer sequence acquisition is as 
Each new spacer sequence is inserted next to the leader sequence, with the consequence that the array is a temporal record of acquisitions past. The sequence destined to become spacer is, within the phage genome, known as a “proto-spacer” and lies adjacent to a PAM sequence
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6781

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

A set of conserved protein-coding genes is tightly associated with the CRISPR sequences. The two most highly conserved members (cas1 and cas2, for “CRISPR associated”) are found in all cases
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6782

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The protospacer adjacent motif (or PAM for short) is a short DNA sequence (usually 2-6 base pairs in length) that follows the DNA region targeted for cleavage by the CRISPR system, such as CRISPR-Cas9. The PAM is required for a Cas nuclease to cut and is generally found 3-4 nucleotides downstream from the cut site
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6783

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

cas1, cas2, and cas4 required to create protospacer sequences Cas1 is  integrase, whereas Cas2 is a ribonuclease. In contrast, of other Cas proteins, Cas6 is involved in expression and processing of the CRISPR cluster and Cas3 in the interference of viral infection.