Class II, but not class I, presentation is inhibited by treatment of the cells with an agent that blocks endocytic processing within the cell (chloroquine).

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

During apoptosis, caspase-3 cleaves both ATP11A and

ATP11C, inactivating them

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

During apoptosis

caspase-3 cleaves the inactive phospholipid scramblase XKR8. 

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

After cleavage by caspase-3, truncated XKR8, together with either basigin (BSG) or neuroplastin (NPTN), undergoes dimerization and activation and translocates

phospholipids in both directions.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

By scramblase, appearance of phosphatidylserine on the outer surface, act as “eat me” signal

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

eat me” signal, recognize by a set of receptors on the surface of macrophages and other immune system cells, triggering phagocytosis of the cell or apoptotic body.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Annexin V

a 36-kDa calcium-binding protein, binds to PS; used to detect PS that is exposed on the outside of apoptotic cells