Efficiency of Energy transfer The efficiency of energy transfer is influenced by the established laws of thermodynamics.

Efficiency of consumers as energy transformers is trophic-level transfer efficiency

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3006

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

These Okazaki fragments are found in replicating DNA in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3007

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously and the leading strand is synthesized continuously. This is called semidiscontinuous replication.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3008

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

That not all of the fragment population represents bona fide Okazaki fragments; some are pseudo fragments that have been generated by breakage in a DNA strand that actually was synthesized as a continuous chain. The source of this breakage is the incorporation of some uracil into DNA in place of thymine. When the uracil is removed by a repair system, the leading strand has breaks until a thymine is inserted. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3009

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Replication requires a helicase to separate the strands of DNA using energy provided by hydrolysis of ATP.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3010

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

A single-stranded DNA-binding protein is required to maintain the separated strands.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3011

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The E. coli SSB is a tetramer; eukaryotic SSB (also known as RPA) is a trimer.