An ARS element consists of an A-T–rich region that contains discrete sites in which mutations affect origin function.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9648

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

MEK is a dual-specificity protein kinase

phosphorylates its target proteins on both tyrosine and serine/threonine

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9649

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In humans, there are three RAS, three Raf, two MEK, and two MAP proteins.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9650

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Mammalian MAP kinases include  Jun N-terminal kinases and p38 kinases, which are activated by signaling pathways in response to various types of stresses

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9651

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Phosphorylation by MEK at Y-185 and T-183 in activation loop of MAP kinase leads to a marked conformational change & promotes MAP kinase activation and dimerization.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9652

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9653

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Activated dimeric MAP kinase induces transcription of the c-fos gene by directly activating TCF, and indirectly activating SRF.