In mammalian systems where the DNA polymerase does not have a 5’–3’ exonuclease activity, Okazaki fragments are connected by a two-step process. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7318

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

The bacterium Ralstonia eutropha has been used as a model organism for the commercial production of PHAs.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7319

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Phytoremediation

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7320

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Phytoremediation is the use of green plants and their associated microorganisms, soil ammendments, and agronomic practices to remove, harmfull environmental contaminants.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7321

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Phytovolatilization

Plants remove inorganic contaminants· either by contaminant volatilization or by metal accumulation.

Volatalization is useful for the removal of mercury. A bacterial mercuric ion reductase has been transferred to Arabidopsis thaliana; this transgenic plant absorbs mercury, and reduces it to volatile Hg0, which volatilizes from the leaf surface.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7322

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Rhizofiltration is a process that filters water through a mass of roots to remove toxic substances or excess nutrients. The pollutants remain absorbed in or adsorbed on to the roots. As the roots become saturated with contaminants, they are harvested and disposed. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7323

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Phytodegradation works best with organic contaminants like herbicides, trichloroethylene, and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE – a volatile substance).