In-situ methods

Protection of habitat: The main strategy for conservation of species is the protection of habitats in representative ecosystems. several protected habitat have been identified for intensive conservation and management purposes by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India.

Four hot spot 

ninety-six National Parks

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Glycosylase action is followed by the endonuclease APE1, which cleaves the polynucleotide chain on the 5’ side. This in turn attracts a replication complex including the DNA polymerase d/E and ancillary components, which performs a short synthesis reaction extending for two to 10 nucleotides. The displaced material is removed by the endonuclease FEN1.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

When the initial removal involves lyase action, the endonuclease APE1 instead recruits DNA polymerase b to replace a single nucleotide. The nick is then sealed by the ligase XRCC1/ligase-3. This is called the short-patch pathway.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG), recognizes and removes a variety of alkylated substrates, including 3-methyladenine, 7-methylguanine, and hypoxanthine. 

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

1-methyladenine and 3MC is corrected by an enzyme that uses an oxygenating mechanism alkB by reversal mechanism

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The oxoG adduct is highly mutagenic because it can base-pair with adenine as well as with cytosine. If it base-pairs with adenine during replication, it gives rise to a G:C to T:A transversion, which is one of the most common mutations found in human cancers.