Mutations in MutS/L components can lead to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). A characteristic feature of HNPCC is microsatellite instability, in which the lengths (numbers of repeats) of microsatellite sequences change rapidly in the tumor cells due to the loss of the mismatch repair system to correct replication slippage in these sequences.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1108

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

E1’s ion-binding sites are exposed to the cytoplasm, and it has high affinity for Na+ but low affinity for K+

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9925

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Adenoviruses and cytomegalo virus use to reduce the surface expression of class I MHC molecules, 

Measles virus and HIV, reduce levels of class II MHC molecules on the surface, 

Vaccinia virus, secreting a protein that binds to the C4b complement component.

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#Id: 9133

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Many species of macroparasites cannot complete their life cycles without the presence of at least two different host species

Definitive host - Exhibit sexual reproduction 

Intermediate hosts – Nonreproducing

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9617

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2330

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

There are RNA polymerase crystal structures that provide considerable insight into how the enzyme retains contact with its substrate while breaking and remaking bonds in the process of the nucleotide addition cycle and undergoing translocation by a Brownian ratchet mechanism.