Even if cells cannot repair these lesions, there is a fail-safe mechanism that allows the replication machinery to bypass these sites of damage or tolerate the DNA damage. One mechanism of DNA damage tolerance is translesion synthesis. Although this mechanism is, as we shall see, highly error-prone and thus likely to introduce mutations, translesion synthesis spares the cell the worse fate of an incompletely replicated chromosome. A key feature of DNA damage tolerance is that the DNA lesion remains in the genome. DNA repair pathways can subsequently correct the lesion.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Medium - (buffer/liquid) - with a precise pH value and a constant ionic strength.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Overall, there are three pillars electrophoresis

Current / voltage

Medium - (buffer/liquid) - with a precise pH value and a constant ionic strength.

 Analytes - A compound, which is to be detected or assayed in a given sample.

Electrophoretic resolution mainly can be change by manipulating current and buffer system.

The higher the buffer concentration, the more electric power is applied, resulting in higher heat (joule effect) development.

Smiling Effect, Venetian Blind Effect & Electroendosmosis reduces the efficiency of electrophoresis.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Slab gels can develop a “Smiling Effect” When in a gel more Joule heat is produced than can be dissipated, leads to the higher mobility of the ions in the center, resulting in an uneven distribution of the zones, These zones bend up at the two lateral sides, causing “smiling.” 

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Phenomenon of Smiling Effect is largely applicable in Gel Electrophoresis &  PAGE

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Phenomenon of Electroendosmosis is largely applicable in Free Solution & Capillary.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Electrophoretic mobility and Electroendosmosis force combinedly functions in Capillary zone Electrophoresis