Adeno-associated vectors (AAV) Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are a group of small, single-stranded DNA viruses. The insert size for AAV is 4.5 kb, with the advantage of long-term gene expression as they integrate into chromosomal DNA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10009

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Secretion requires the addition of cholesterol and palmitic acid to the Hedgehog protein

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10010

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Two membrane proteins, 

Smoothened (Smo) 

Patched (Ptc)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10011

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Smo has seven TM α helices, is a member of the GPCR superfamily, and is related in sequence to the Fz.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10012

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Ptc contains 12 TM α helices and structurally similar

to the Niemann-Pick C1 protein, a cholesterol transporting member of the ABC superfamily

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10013

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In the absence of Hh,

Ptc inhibits Smoothened and then degraded in proteasomes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10014

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Transcription Factor

zinc-finger transcription factor Cubitis interruptus