Many turtles, crocodiles, alligators, and a few birds is affected by temperature during embryonic development.  In turtles, for example, warm incubation temperatures produce more females, whereas cool temperatures produce males.

In alligators, the reverse is true.

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10488

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Most tumor cells,express MHC class I molecules on their surface, cytotoxic T cells can directly recognize tumor cells expressing neo-antigens.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10489

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cytotoxic T cells release granules containing the proteins perforin and granzyme-B

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10490

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

perforins punch holes in the endocytic vesicle membrane, allowing granzymes to enter the cytoplasm

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10491

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10492

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Granzymes are serine proteases and cleave and activate

apoptotic molecules within the target cells, causing programmed cell death.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10493

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Some Cytotoxic T cells express on their surface FasL, a natural ligand molecule related to TNF