There are 4 genes (I, Z, Y, A), 2 Promoters and 3 lac operators in Lac operon

The major O1 lac operator lies adjacent to promoter

The O1 operator extends from position -5 just upstream of the mRNA start point to position +21 within the transcription unit.

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Photorespiration is very low in C4 plants and the quantum yield does not

show a temperature dependence.

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Complex I catalyzes simultaneous perform obligately and coupled process

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reduction of ubiquinone by hydride ion from NADH and a proton from the matrix is an exergonic process

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 transfer of four protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space is an endergonic process

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Complex I is therefore a proton pump