The nucleosome consists of approximately equal masses of DNA and histones (including H1). The predicted mass of the nucleosome is 262 kD.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1610

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In most cases each TLR dimerizes with itself, forming a homodimer, but TLR2 forms heterodimers by pairing with either TLR1 or TLR6.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1611

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Structures of TLR2/1 with a bound lipopeptide and TLR3 with dsRNA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1612

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLR4 move from the plasma membrane to endosomes/ lysosomes after binding LPS or other PAMPs.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1613

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

NF-₭B is key for inducing many innate and inflammatory genes, including those encoding defensins; enzymes such as iNOS.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1614

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Proinflammatory cytokines TNF-ᾳ, IL-1, and IL-6, produced by macrophages and dendritic cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1615

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

C-type lectin receptor CLRs are plasma membrane receptors expressed variably on monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells, and T-cell subsets.