Shuttling protein have identified at least three different types of NESs: 

A. A leucine-rich sequence found in PKI 

B. In the Rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

C. In two heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particles (hnRNPs)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5052

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

DnaA-ATP in an extended multimeric state promoted by the accessory protein DiaA, which stimulates cooperative binding of DnaA.

DnaA-ATP binds cooperatively to form a helical central core around which oriC DNA is wrapped.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5053

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

DnaA has a weak ATPase intrinsic activity which is enhanced by a factor termed Hda.

In a conceptually elegant feedback loop, Hda is recruited to a replication origin via the b subunit of the DNA polymerase. it acts to switch off DnaA

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5054

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Phospholipids promote the exchange of ATP with ADP bound to DnaA

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5055

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

DnaA then acts at three A-T–rich 13-bp tandem repeats located on the left side of oriC.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5056

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Initiation of replication at oriC starts with formation of a complex that ultimately requires six proteins: DnaA, DnaB, DnaC, HU, gyrase, and SSB.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5057

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Two to four monomers of DnaAATP bind at the origin, and after release of DiaA, they recruit two “pre-priming” complexes of the DnaB helicase bound to DnaC-ATP, so that there is one DnaB–DnaC-ATP complex for each of the two (bidirectional) replication forks.