IPTG (isopropyl b-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) 

X-gal (5-bromo4-chloro-3-indolyl-b-D-galactopyranoside). When acted on by that enzyme, X-gal releases a blue color that makes it useful as substrate in assays.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

In yeast,  The origin enters S phase in the condition of a prereplication complex, which contains ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, and the inactive helicase, the MCM proteins

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The M C M 2 - 7 proteins form a six-member ring-shaped complex around DNA. MCM 2, 3, 5 are regulatory, while MCM4,6,7 have helicase activity.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

When initiation occurs, Cdc6 and Cdtl are displaced, returning the origin to the state of the postreplication complex, which contains only ORC.