When the embryo has functional testes, Leydig cells of the fetal testis secrete testosterone, and the Sertoli cells secrete MIS (MRF)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9986

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Non-canonical Wnt signaling is initiated by the 

Wnt5a type (Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, and Wnt11).

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9987

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Wnt ligands are recognized by Frizzled/retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)/receptor tyrosine kinase (RYK) receptor complexes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9988

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Frizzled paired with Ror and Ror receptor complex phosphorylates Disheveled

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9989

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Disheveled stimulate activation of the small GTPases Rho and Rac, leading to cytoskeletal rearrangements and cell motility. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9990

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Rho GTPases are the “master builders” of the cell because they can activate an array of kinases and cytoskeletal binding proteins that remodel cytoskeletal elements to alter cell shape and movement

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9991

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Rac and RhoA GTPases coordinate changes in cytoskeleton organization and also through Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) regulate gene expression