Telomeric sequence is the extension of the G-T–rich strand, which for 14 to 16 bases is usually a single strand.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The extracellular domain of cytokine receptors are constructed of two subdomains, each contains seven conserved β strands folded together

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In cytokine receptors, 

the receptor and kinase are separate polypeptides, encoded by different genes, yet are bound tightly together.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In cytokine receptors, the tightly bound kinase is known as a JAK kinase.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cytokine receptors are stably associated with one or two of the four known JAKs:

JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and Tyk2

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Each members of JAK family of kinases contains:

An N-terminal domain that binds to the receptor

A C-terminal kinase domain 

A middle pseudokinase domain

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

JAK kinases become activated after ligand binding and

receptor dimerization