Female hormonal system, consists of three hierarchies of hormones:

GnRH

FSH and LH

Estrogen and progesterone

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The pancreas is composed of two major types of tissues, as: 

the acini

the islets of Langerhans

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Insulin, 

synthesized and secreted 

by the β cells

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Insulin has an AB heterodimer structure with 

One intrachain (A6-A11) 

Two interchain disulfide bridges (A7-B7 and A20-B19)

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#Id: 6530

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cells in response to increased blood glucose concentration

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The beta cells have a large number of glucose transporters that permit a rate of glucose influx that is proportional to the blood concentration in the physiological range