The protospacer adjacent motif (or PAM for short) is a short DNA sequence (usually 2-6 base pairs in length) that follows the DNA region targeted for cleavage by the CRISPR system, such as CRISPR-Cas9. The PAM is required for a Cas nuclease to cut and is generally found 3-4 nucleotides downstream from the cut site

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10324

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

PD-1 has a structure similar to CTLA-4 and when activated negatively regulates T-cell function by inducing apoptosis of activated T cells. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5312

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

During Isovolumetric Ventricular Contraction QRS waves appear as a result of electrical depolarization of the ventricles

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4617

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

 Scatchard plots are based on repeated equilibrium dialyses with a constant concentration of antibody and varying concentration of ligand. 
If all antibodies have the same affinity, then a Scatchard plot yields a straight line with a slope of Ka. The x intercept is n, the valency of the antibody, which is 2 for IgG and other divalent Igs. For IgM, which is pentameric, n  10, and for dimeric IgA, n  4. In this graph, antibody #1 has a higher affinity than antibody #2.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9247

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

activation of PPDK through the phosphorolytic cleavage (dephosphorylation) of the phosphorylated Thr (Pi‐dependent/PPi‐forming).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8680

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Hexokinase IV is not inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate, and it can therefore continue to operate 

when the accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate completely inhibits hexokinases I–III.