The daughter cell attached to the hub is maintained as a stem cell, whereas the cell that is not touching the hub becomes a gonialblast, a committed progenitor cell that will divide to become the precursors of the sperm cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8254

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Dipole-Dipole Interaction

Dipole-Dipole interactions occur between molecules that have permanent dipoles; these molecules are also referred to as polar molecules.

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#Id: 8255

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Potential energy of Dipole-Dipole Interaction

V is the potential energy

μ is the dipole moment

ϵo is the vacuum permittivity.

R is the length between the two nuclei

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8256

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The negative sign indicates that energy is released out of the system, because energy is released when bonds are formed, even weak bonds.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8257

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The negative sign also suggests that the interaction is driven by an attractive force.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8258

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Induced Dipoles

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#Id: 8259

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

An induced dipole moment is a temporary condition during which a neutral nonpolar atom (i.e., Helium) undergo a separation of charges due to the environment.