Siamois and Twin interact in the organizer with the Smad2 transcription factor activated by vegetal TGF-β family members (Nodal-related proteins, Vg1, activin)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2664

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is the site of action of the powerful “loop” diuretics.

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#Id: 2665

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

“Loop” Diuretics are:

Furosemide

Ethacrynic acid

Bumetanide 

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#Id: 2666

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

“Loop” diuretics, inhibits 1-sodium, 2-chloride, 1-potassium 

co-transporter.

 

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#Id: 2667

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

At physiologic pH, the loop diuretics are anions that attach to the 

Cl−-binding site of the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter.

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2668

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

At maximal dosages, loop diuretics completely inhibit

NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb (cause excretion of as much as 25% of the filtered Na+).

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#Id: 2669

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The thick ascending limb has a sodium-hydrogen counter-transport.