Siamois and Twin interact in the organizer with the Smad2 transcription factor activated by vegetal TGF-β family members (Nodal-related proteins, Vg1, activin)

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Nod factor is b-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine backbone

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Type III/Type IV secretion systems play a major role in transfer of bacterial Nod factor in plant cell. 

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The binding of Nod factors to the Nod factor receptors (NFRs), which contain extracellular LysM motifs, initiates an interaction with the conserved SYMRK receptor-like kinases containing a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The interaction between NFR and SYMRK initiates calcium spiking in the nucleus, presumably via a second messenger molecule.

Core symbiotic genes are activated.

Cytokinin signaling is initiated.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Root hair cellular responses to bacterial Nod factor

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#Id: 9282

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Plant genes expressed early, or in the absence of bacterial infection, are termed “early nodulins” or ENOD