Inbreeding

Preferential mating between related individuals. Inbreeding is more likely to take place in nature when population size becomes very small, and the number of mates is limited.

#Id: 2503

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

In the Isoelectric Focusing pH gradient is formed by the introduction into the gel of compounds known as ampholytes, which are complex mixtures of synthetic polyamino-polycarboxylic acids Ampholytes can be purchased in different pH ranges covering a wide band (e.g. pH 3–10).

#Id: 2504

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

IEF is a highly sensitive analytical technique and is particularly useful for studying  microheterogeneity in a protein. For example, a protein may show a single band on an SDS gel but may show three bands on an IEF gel. This may occur, for example, when a protein exists in mono-, di- and tri-phosphorylated forms. 

#Id: 2505

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

IEF method is particularly useful for separating isoenzymes, which are different forms of the same enzyme, often differing by only one or two amino-acid residues.

#Id: 2506

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

In the Isoelectric Focusing due to the pH gradient (e.g. pH 3–10) positive charged protein are separated near pH 10 while negatively amino acid are separated near pH 3.

#Id: 2507

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis  technique combines the technique of IEF (first dimension), which separates proteins in a mixture according to charge (pI), with the size separation technique of SDS–PAGE (second dimension).

#Id: 2508

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis have clinical role for example enzyme and antibodies are easily detected by using Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis with zymogen technique.