Amount of change in allelic frequency due to migration

m= proportional of migratory individual in  recipient population

qI – frequency of allele in source population  

qII – frequency of allele in recipient population

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10486

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

MDM2 levels in the cytoplasm are controlled by

ATR and p14ARF (p19ARF in the mouse), sequesters it in the nucleolus, where it cannot access p53.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10487

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Neoantigens are self-antigens generated by tumor cells because of genomic mutations, also derive from unique proteins or peptides produced by dysregulated RNA splicing and disordered post-translational protein modification

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10488

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Most tumor cells,express MHC class I molecules on their surface, cytotoxic T cells can directly recognize tumor cells expressing neo-antigens.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10489

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cytotoxic T cells release granules containing the proteins perforin and granzyme-B

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10490

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

perforins punch holes in the endocytic vesicle membrane, allowing granzymes to enter the cytoplasm

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10491

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling