PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AUXIN:

Three main guidance systems control the orientation of plant growth:

Phototropism, 

Gravitropism, 

Thigmotropism

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1711

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Healthy individuals generate IgE antibodies only in response to parasitic infections.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1712

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Atopic, are predisposed to generate IgE antibodies against common environmental antigens

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1713

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

IgE Antibodies Act by Cross-Linking Fc Receptors on the Surfaces of Innate Immune Cells. Including mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1714

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The binding of IgE antibodies to FcεRs activates these granulocytes, inducing a signaling cascade that causes cells to release the contents of intracellular granules into the blood, a process called degranulation. releases histamine, heparin, and proteases.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1715

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Properties of allergens

 a. Allergens are either protein or glycoprotein in nature, with multiple antigenic sites.

 b. Many allergens have intrinsic enzymatic activity that affects the immune response.

c.  Many allergens contain potential pathogen associated molecular patterns.

d.  Many allergens enter the host via mucosal tissues at very low concentrations, which tend to predispose the individual to generate TH2 responses, leading to B-cell secretion of IgE.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1716

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The serum half-life of IgE is quite short (only 2 to 3 days). However, when bound to its receptor on an innate immune cell, IgE is stable for weeks.