In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms. In an ionic bond, electrons are transferred between atoms.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1330

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Phospholipase C cleaves PI(4,5)P2, generating two second messengers:  IP3 and DAG

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1331

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The principal function of DAG is to activate protein kinase C.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1332

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Gαq activate α1-Adrenergic receptor

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1333

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cholera toxin, secreted by Vibrio cholerae Catalyze a covalent modification of the Gαs protein Inhibit GAP activity.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1334

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The pertussis toxin, produced by Bordetella pertussis Catalyze a covalent modification of the Gαi protein preventing GDP-GTP exchange.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1335

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The bacterial toxins that cause cholera and pertussis are enzymes that catalyze transfer of the ADP ribose moiety.