NLSs were first discovered through the analysis of mutations of the gene for large T-antigen encoded by simian virus 40 (SV40).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 824

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

ETI are usually stronger than PTI and cause hypersensitive reaction or apoptosis of tissue

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 825

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Effector‐encoding genes or avirulence (Avr) genes, found in pathogen as the Pseudomonas produces AvrPto effector causes avirulence.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 826

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) carry Pto resistance gene so Pseudomonas infection resistance

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 827

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

A successful pathogen overcomes PTI and has effectors that evade R protein‐mediated detection.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 828

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

ETI invasion by pathogen causes selection of novel R gene variants that can recognize other pathogen effector molecules and then activate defense.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 829

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Race between effector and ETI evolution is an example of coevolution between plants and pathogens