In many endotherms, shivering occurs in cold conditions whereby the body undergoes rapid muscle contractions without any locomotion.

When the body temperature falls, brown fat cells increase their metabolic rate, and hence heat production.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4908

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

According to layman’s words, the variance is a measure of how far a set of data are dispersed out from their mean or average value. It is denoted as ‘σ²’.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4910

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Variance is always non-negative since each term in the variance sum is squared and therefore the result is either positive or zero.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4911

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Variance always has squared units. For example, the variance of a set of weights estimated in kilograms will be given in kg squared.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4912

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Standard Deviation - The spread of statistical data is measured by the standard deviation.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4913

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Standard Deviation describes the square root of the mean of the squares of all values in a data set and is also called the root-mean-square deviation.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4915

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

describes the square root of the mean of the squares of all values in a data set and is also called the root-mean-square deviation.