Parkinson’s disease is caused by mutations in two gene encoding proteins that can mediate mitophagy:

PINK1 (a kinase)

Parkin (E3 ubiquitin ligase)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2142

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Phylogenetic relationships are based on,

a. Plesiomorphic character

b. Apomorphic character

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2143

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Plesiomorphic character- Primitive/unchange from ancestor Synplesiomorphic character- Primitive share ancestral character

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2144

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Apomorphic character- Derived specialized character

a. Synapomorphic character- Derived trait is share

b. Autapomorphic character- Derived trait that is unique to taxon

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2146

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Homoplasy is similarity arrived at via independent evolution.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2147

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Homoplasy complicates building the phylogeny for a group of species.