Muscle cells have an abundant, modified smooth ER called the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The release and reuptake of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum trigger myofibril contraction and relaxation, respectively

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3862

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Early on during aggregation, gene expression requires the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3863

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Ammonia inhibits PKA by indirectly activating cAMP hydrolysis via DhkC-RdeA mediated phosphorylation of RegA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3864

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

High PSF to food ratio is upregulate the translation of the PKA catalytic subunit PKA-C.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3865

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

A second glycoprotein secreted during starvation is CMF (conditioned medium factor)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3866

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Histidine phosphatase activity of DhkA causes inactivation of RegA, the accumulation of cAMP and PKA activation, causes spore maturation.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3867

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

CMF stimulates gene expression in parallel with PSF, and both signals potentiate cAMP signaling by inducing genes involved in cAMP synthesis and detection