Membrane and soluble secretory proteins synthesized on the rough ER undergo four principal modifications before they reach their final destinations: 

(1) Glycosylation in the ER and Golgi complex

(2) Formation of disulfide bonds in the ER

(3) Proper folding of polypeptide chains and assembly of multisubunit proteins in the ER

(4) Specific proteolytic cleavages in the ER, Golgi complex, and secretory vesicles

#Id: 2607

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

SSR alleles differ in length.

Left and right primers correspond to unique sequences that flank the SSR locus.

PCR-amplification of two alleles of an SSR locus.

Gel electrophoresis distinguishes the alleles from each other. 

#Id: 2608

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) is a technique based on allele-specific primers, which can be used to analyze single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effectively including the transition, transversion and insertion/deletion polymorphism and has been exploited in the study of diseases research, molecular diagnosis, and forensic biological evidence. 

#Id: 2609

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

RACE can provide the sequence of an RNA transcript from a small known sequence within the transcript to the 5' end (5' RACE-PCR) or 3' end (3' RACE-PCR) of the RNA. 

#Id: 2610

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

RACE is sometimes called one-sided PCR or anchored PCR. 

#Id: 2611

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

RACE can be used to amplify unknown 5' (5'-RACE) or 3' (3'-RACE) parts of RNA molecules where part of the RNA sequence is known and targeted by a GSP gene-specific primer.

#Id: 2612

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Our on-going research indicates that RLMRACE, PPM-RACE, and qRT-PCR are very effective in the verification of sequences of miRNA targets obtained by Degradome sequencing.