Dipole-Dipole Interaction

Dipole-Dipole interactions occur between molecules that have permanent dipoles; these molecules are also referred to as polar molecules.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Embryonic cells, germ-line cells, and stem cells produce telomerase, but most human somatic cells produce only a small amount of telomerase as they enter S phase.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

As a result of their modest telomerase activity, their telomeres shorten with each cell cycle.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Extensive shortening of telomeres is recognized by the cell as a double-strand break and consequently triggers cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

In mammals, six telomeric proteins (TRF1, TRF2, Rap1, TIN2, TPP1, and POT1) comprise a complex called shelterin

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Duplex telomeric DNA interactions of TRF1 and TRF2 and the binding of POT1 to the single-stranded TTAGGG repeats.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Shelterin functions to protect telomeres from DNA damage repair pathways and to regulate telomere length control by telomerase