To nucleate the assembly of branched actin filaments, Arp2/3 needs to be activated by a nucleation promoting factor (NPF)

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate. The 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to three-carbon carbohydrates (triose phosphates) by enzymatic reactions driven by photochemically generated ATP and NADPH.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. 

The cycle is completed by regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate through a series of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions, one requiring ATP.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Carboxylation is catalyzed by

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate is catalyzed

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Regeneration is catalyzed by

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The fixation of three molecules of CO2 into one molecule of triose phosphate requires six molecules of NADPH and nine of ATP (3 CO2 : 6 NADPH : 9 ATP ≡ CO2 : 2 NADPH : 3 ATP).