Damage caused by singlet oxygen and its reactive products can decrease the efficiency of photosynthesis in a process known as photoinhibition.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3505

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Parity rules by Erwin Chargaff

Rule of complementarity (First parity rule)

Rule of Equal amount applies more closely to introns than to exons (Second parity rule)

Cluster rule – Purines in nontemplate strand applies more closely to Exons (Third parity rule)

GC Rule- GC content tends to be greater in exons than in introns (Fourth parity rule

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3506

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Potential for secondary (hairpin) structure is found to be greater in introns than exons

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3507

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Introns have negative Fold Potential i.e. potential to form stem loop

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3508

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Genes that share a common ancestry have similar organizations with conservation of the positions of the introns.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3509

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The homology between two genes can be plotted in the form of a dot matrix

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3510

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Mutations occur at the same rate in both exons and introns, but exon mutations are eliminated more effectively by selection.