The protein kinases DNA-PK, ATM, and ATR are activated at sites of damaged DNA

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1582

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Antagonists of Wnt:

Secreted frizzled-related protein (Sfrp)

Wnt inhibitory factor (Wif)

Dickkopf (Dkk) family

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#Id: 1475

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

25 percent of acute myeloid leukemias are characterized by DNA hypomethylation that is due to inactivating mutations in an enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of CpG dinucleotides.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1476

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Hypermethylation of CpG dinucleotides of TSG gene causes cancer and hypomethylation of CpG dinucleotides of proto-oncogenes causes cancer.

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#Id: 1477

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Overexpression of anti-apoptotic genes or loss of proapoptotic genes promotes tumorigenesis. The pro-apoptotic gene p53 is frequently mutated in cancers.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1478

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Loss of SWI/SNF function, just like loss of Rb function, can lead to overgrowth and cancer.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1479

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Characterization of the disease-causing deletion showed that the absence of two miRNAs, miR-15-a and miR-16-1, causes chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)