Genetic exchange also happens between distantly related organisms by horizontal gene transfer, or HGT.

HGT is particularly important to prokarytotes and is the most common way by which they acquire new genes.

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#Id: 192

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

At lower concentrations of activin, genes were not activated, and the “default” gene expression instructed the cells to become blood vessels and heart.

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#Id: 930

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Stem cells are sometimes referred to as “undifferentiated” due to this maintenance of proliferative properties.

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#Id: 931

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Stem cell potential refers to the range of cell types a stem cell can produce. 

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#Id: 932

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

A totipotent stem cell can generate all cell types of both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages. 

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#Id: 933

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The niche employs a variety of mechanisms of cell-to-cell communication to regulate the quiescent, proliferative, and differentiative states of the resident stem cell.

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#Id: 934

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The shoot apical and root apical meristems provide a continuous source of totipotent stem cells for a plant to generate a majority of its aerial and ground tissues throughout life.