Genetic exchange also happens between distantly related organisms by horizontal gene transfer, or HGT.

HGT is particularly important to prokarytotes and is the most common way by which they acquire new genes.

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

CGSP, an enzyme that cleaves the proteins linking the vitelline envelope to the cell membrane & also clips off the bindin receptors and any sperm attached to them.

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Cortical granule protein hyalin, forms a coating around the egg.

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Mammalian fertilization occurs inside the oviducts  of the female

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Translocation of sperm from the vagina to the oviduct involves several processes that work at different times and places:

Sperm motility

Uterine muscle contractions

Sperm rheotaxis

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Sperm rheotaxis 

migrate against the direction of the flow—using

CatSper calcium channels (like sea urchin sperm) to sense calcium influx and monitor the direction of the

current

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The cells of the oviduct induce the sperm to mature, and mammalian sperm complete their development in the female oviducts. This maturation is called capacitation (the gaining of capacity).