A third fate that can befall a duplicated gene is neofunctionalization. Here the duplicate evolves a novel biological function. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5029

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

A cycle of chromosome replication must be initiated at a fixed time of C + D =60 minutes before cell division.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5030

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5031

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The gene ftsZ plays a central role in division.

Mutations in ftsZ block septum formation and generate filaments.

Overexpression induces minicells by causing an increased number of septation events per unit cell mass.

FtsZ (the protein) recruits a battery of cell division proteins that are responsible for synthesis of the new septum.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5032

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

FtsZ functions at an early stage of septum formation.

Early in the division cycle, FtsZ is localized throughout the cytoplasm, but prior to cell division FtsZ becomes localized in a ring around the circumference at the mid-cell position.

The structure is called the Z-ring.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5033

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The structure of FtsZ resembles tubulin

FtsZ has GTPase activity, and GTP cleavage is used to support the oligomerization of FtsZ monomers into the ring structure.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5034

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Each haploid bacterium typically has a single chromosome, so this type of replication control is called single copy.